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import warnings
from copy import copy
from unittest import SkipTest
import numpy as np
import pytest
from scipy.stats import kstest
import sklearn
from sklearn.externals._packaging.version import parse as parse_version
from sklearn.utils import _safe_indexing, resample, shuffle
from sklearn.utils._array_api import (
_convert_to_numpy,
_get_namespace_device_dtype_ids,
device,
move_to,
yield_namespace_device_dtype_combinations,
)
from sklearn.utils._indexing import (
_determine_key_type,
_get_column_indices,
_safe_assign,
)
from sklearn.utils._mocking import MockDataFrame
from sklearn.utils._testing import (
_array_api_for_tests,
_convert_container,
assert_allclose,
assert_allclose_dense_sparse,
assert_array_equal,
skip_if_array_api_compat_not_configured,
)
from sklearn.utils.fixes import CSC_CONTAINERS, CSR_CONTAINERS
# toy array
X_toy = np.arange(9).reshape((3, 3))
def test_polars_indexing():
"""Check _safe_indexing for polars as expected."""
pl = pytest.importorskip("polars", minversion="0.18.2")
df = pl.DataFrame(
{"a": [1, 2, 3, 4], "b": [4, 5, 6, 8], "c": [1, 4, 1, 10]}, orient="row"
)
from polars.testing import assert_frame_equal
str_keys = [["b"], ["a", "b"], ["b", "a", "c"], ["c"], ["a"]]
for key in str_keys:
out = _safe_indexing(df, key, axis=1)
assert_frame_equal(df[key], out)
bool_keys = [([True, False, True], ["a", "c"]), ([False, False, True], ["c"])]
for bool_key, str_key in bool_keys:
out = _safe_indexing(df, bool_key, axis=1)
assert_frame_equal(df[:, str_key], out)
int_keys = [([0, 1], ["a", "b"]), ([2], ["c"])]
for int_key, str_key in int_keys:
out = _safe_indexing(df, int_key, axis=1)
assert_frame_equal(df[:, str_key], out)
axis_0_keys = [[0, 1], [1, 3], [3, 2]]
for key in axis_0_keys:
out = _safe_indexing(df, key, axis=0)
assert_frame_equal(df[key], out)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"key, dtype",
[
(0, "int"),
("0", "str"),
(True, "bool"),
(np.bool_(True), "bool"),
([0, 1, 2], "int"),
(["0", "1", "2"], "str"),
((0, 1, 2), "int"),
(("0", "1", "2"), "str"),
(slice(None, None), None),
(slice(0, 2), "int"),
(np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=np.int32), "int"),
(np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=np.int64), "int"),
(np.array([0, 1, 2], dtype=np.uint8), "int"),
([True, False], "bool"),
((True, False), "bool"),
(np.array([True, False]), "bool"),
("col_0", "str"),
(["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"], "str"),
(("col_0", "col_1", "col_2"), "str"),
(slice("begin", "end"), "str"),
(np.array(["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"]), "str"),
(np.array(["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"], dtype=object), "str"),
],
)
def test_determine_key_type(key, dtype):
assert _determine_key_type(key) == dtype
def test_determine_key_type_error():
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No valid specification of the"):
_determine_key_type(1.0)
def test_determine_key_type_slice_error():
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Only array-like or scalar are"):
_determine_key_type(slice(0, 2, 1), accept_slice=False)
@skip_if_array_api_compat_not_configured
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_namespace, device_, dtype_name",
yield_namespace_device_dtype_combinations(),
ids=_get_namespace_device_dtype_ids,
)
def test_determine_key_type_array_api(array_namespace, device_, dtype_name):
xp = _array_api_for_tests(array_namespace, device_)
with sklearn.config_context(array_api_dispatch=True):
int_array_key = xp.asarray([1, 2, 3], device=device_)
assert _determine_key_type(int_array_key) == "int"
bool_array_key = xp.asarray([True, False, True], device=device_)
assert _determine_key_type(bool_array_key) == "bool"
try:
complex_array_key = xp.asarray([1 + 1j, 2 + 2j, 3 + 3j], device=device_)
except TypeError:
# Complex numbers are not supported by all Array API libraries.
complex_array_key = None
if complex_array_key is not None:
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="No valid specification of the"):
_determine_key_type(complex_array_key)
@skip_if_array_api_compat_not_configured
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_namespace, device_, dtype_name",
yield_namespace_device_dtype_combinations(),
ids=_get_namespace_device_dtype_ids,
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"indexing_key",
(
0,
-1,
[1, 3],
np.array([1, 3]),
slice(1, 2),
[True, False, True, True],
np.asarray([False, False, False, False]),
),
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [0, 1])
def test_safe_indexing_array_api_support(
array_namespace, device_, dtype_name, indexing_key, axis
):
xp = _array_api_for_tests(array_namespace, device_)
array_to_index_np = np.arange(16).reshape(4, 4)
expected_result = _safe_indexing(array_to_index_np, indexing_key, axis=axis)
array_to_index_xp = move_to(array_to_index_np, xp=xp, device=device_)
with sklearn.config_context(array_api_dispatch=True):
indexed_array_xp = _safe_indexing(array_to_index_xp, indexing_key, axis=axis)
assert device(indexed_array_xp) == device(array_to_index_xp)
assert indexed_array_xp.dtype == array_to_index_xp.dtype
assert_allclose(_convert_to_numpy(indexed_array_xp, xp=xp), expected_result)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["list", "array", "sparse", "dataframe", "polars", "pyarrow"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_type", ["list", "tuple", "array", "series", "slice"])
def test_safe_indexing_2d_container_axis_0(array_type, indices_type):
indices = [1, 2]
if indices_type == "slice" and isinstance(indices[1], int):
indices[1] += 1
array = _convert_container([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type)
indices = _convert_container(indices, indices_type)
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=0)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(
subset, _convert_container([[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type)
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["list", "array", "series", "polars_series", "pyarrow_array"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_type", ["list", "tuple", "array", "series", "slice"])
def test_safe_indexing_1d_container(array_type, indices_type):
indices = [1, 2]
if indices_type == "slice" and isinstance(indices[1], int):
indices[1] += 1
array = _convert_container([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], array_type)
indices = _convert_container(indices, indices_type)
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=0)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(subset, _convert_container([2, 3], array_type))
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["array", "sparse", "dataframe", "polars", "pyarrow"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_type", ["list", "tuple", "array", "series", "slice"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices", [[1, 2], ["col_1", "col_2"]])
def test_safe_indexing_2d_container_axis_1(array_type, indices_type, indices):
# validation of the indices
# we make a copy because indices is mutable and shared between tests
indices_converted = copy(indices)
if indices_type == "slice" and isinstance(indices[1], int):
indices_converted[1] += 1
columns_name = ["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"]
array = _convert_container(
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type, columns_name
)
indices_converted = _convert_container(indices_converted, indices_type)
if isinstance(indices[0], str) and array_type in ("array", "sparse"):
err_msg = (
"Specifying the columns using strings is only supported for dataframes"
)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_safe_indexing(array, indices_converted, axis=1)
else:
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices_converted, axis=1)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(
subset, _convert_container([[2, 3], [5, 6], [8, 9]], array_type)
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("array_read_only", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_read_only", [True, False])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["array", "sparse", "dataframe", "polars", "pyarrow"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_type", ["array", "series"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"axis, expected_array", [(0, [[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]), (1, [[2, 3], [5, 6], [8, 9]])]
)
def test_safe_indexing_2d_read_only_axis_1(
array_read_only, indices_read_only, array_type, indices_type, axis, expected_array
):
array = np.array([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]])
if array_read_only:
array.setflags(write=False)
array = _convert_container(array, array_type)
indices = np.array([1, 2])
if indices_read_only:
indices.setflags(write=False)
indices = _convert_container(indices, indices_type)
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=axis)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(subset, _convert_container(expected_array, array_type))
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["list", "array", "series", "polars_series", "pyarrow_array"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_type", ["list", "tuple", "array", "series"])
def test_safe_indexing_1d_container_mask(array_type, indices_type):
indices = [False] + [True] * 2 + [False] * 6
array = _convert_container([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], array_type)
indices = _convert_container(indices, indices_type)
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=0)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(subset, _convert_container([2, 3], array_type))
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["array", "sparse", "dataframe", "polars", "pyarrow"]
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices_type", ["list", "tuple", "array", "series"])
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"axis, expected_subset",
[(0, [[4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]), (1, [[2, 3], [5, 6], [8, 9]])],
)
def test_safe_indexing_2d_mask(array_type, indices_type, axis, expected_subset):
columns_name = ["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"]
array = _convert_container(
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type, columns_name
)
indices = [False, True, True]
indices = _convert_container(indices, indices_type)
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=axis)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(
subset, _convert_container(expected_subset, array_type)
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type, expected_output_type",
[
("list", "list"),
("array", "array"),
("sparse", "sparse"),
("dataframe", "series"),
("polars", "polars_series"),
("pyarrow", "pyarrow_array"),
],
)
def test_safe_indexing_2d_scalar_axis_0(array_type, expected_output_type):
array = _convert_container([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type)
indices = 2
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=0)
expected_array = _convert_container([7, 8, 9], expected_output_type)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(subset, expected_array)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type", ["list", "array", "series", "polars_series", "pyarrow_array"]
)
def test_safe_indexing_1d_scalar(array_type):
array = _convert_container([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9], array_type)
indices = 2
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=0)
assert subset == 3
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"array_type, expected_output_type",
[
("array", "array"),
("sparse", "sparse"),
("dataframe", "series"),
("polars", "polars_series"),
("pyarrow", "pyarrow_array"),
],
)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices", [2, "col_2"])
def test_safe_indexing_2d_scalar_axis_1(array_type, expected_output_type, indices):
columns_name = ["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"]
array = _convert_container(
[[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type, columns_name
)
if isinstance(indices, str) and array_type in ("array", "sparse"):
err_msg = (
"Specifying the columns using strings is only supported for dataframes"
)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=1)
else:
subset = _safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=1)
expected_output = [3, 6, 9]
if expected_output_type == "sparse":
# sparse matrix are keeping the 2D shape
expected_output = [[3], [6], [9]]
expected_array = _convert_container(expected_output, expected_output_type)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(subset, expected_array)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("array_type", ["list", "array", "sparse"])
def test_safe_indexing_None_axis_0(array_type):
X = _convert_container([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]], array_type)
X_subset = _safe_indexing(X, None, axis=0)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(X_subset, X)
def test_safe_indexing_pandas_no_matching_cols_error():
pd = pytest.importorskip("pandas")
err_msg = "No valid specification of the columns."
X = pd.DataFrame(X_toy)
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_safe_indexing(X, [1.0], axis=1)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("axis", [None, 3])
def test_safe_indexing_error_axis(axis):
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="'axis' should be either 0"):
_safe_indexing(X_toy, [0, 1], axis=axis)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"X_constructor", ["array", "series", "polars_series", "pyarrow_array"]
)
def test_safe_indexing_1d_array_error(X_constructor):
# check that we are raising an error if the array-like passed is 1D and
# we try to index on the 2nd dimension
X = list(range(5))
if X_constructor == "array":
X_constructor = np.asarray(X)
elif X_constructor == "series":
pd = pytest.importorskip("pandas")
X_constructor = pd.Series(X)
elif X_constructor == "polars_series":
pl = pytest.importorskip("polars")
X_constructor = pl.Series(values=X)
elif X_constructor == "pyarrow_array":
pa = pytest.importorskip("pyarrow")
X_constructor = pa.array(X)
err_msg = "'X' should be a 2D NumPy array, 2D sparse matrix or dataframe"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_safe_indexing(X_constructor, [0, 1], axis=1)
def test_safe_indexing_container_axis_0_unsupported_type():
indices = ["col_1", "col_2"]
array = [[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6], [7, 8, 9]]
err_msg = r"String indexing.*is not supported with 'axis=0'"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_safe_indexing(array, indices, axis=0)
def test_safe_indexing_pandas_no_settingwithcopy_warning():
# Using safe_indexing with an array-like indexer gives a copy of the
# DataFrame -> ensure it doesn't raise a warning if modified
pd = pytest.importorskip("pandas")
pd_version = parse_version(pd.__version__)
pd_base_version = parse_version(pd_version.base_version)
if pd_base_version >= parse_version("3"):
raise SkipTest("SettingWithCopyWarning has been removed in pandas 3.0.0.dev")
X = pd.DataFrame({"a": [1, 2, 3], "b": [3, 4, 5]})
subset = _safe_indexing(X, [0, 1], axis=0)
if hasattr(pd.errors, "SettingWithCopyWarning"):
SettingWithCopyWarning = pd.errors.SettingWithCopyWarning
else:
# backward compatibility for pandas < 1.5
SettingWithCopyWarning = pd.core.common.SettingWithCopyWarning
with warnings.catch_warnings():
warnings.simplefilter("error", SettingWithCopyWarning)
subset.iloc[0, 0] = 10
# The original dataframe is unaffected by the assignment on the subset:
assert X.iloc[0, 0] == 1
@pytest.mark.parametrize("indices", [0, [0, 1], slice(0, 2), np.array([0, 1])])
def test_safe_indexing_list_axis_1_unsupported(indices):
"""Check that we raise a ValueError when axis=1 with input as list."""
X = [[1, 2], [4, 5], [7, 8]]
err_msg = "axis=1 is not supported for lists"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_safe_indexing(X, indices, axis=1)
@pytest.mark.parametrize("array_type", ["array", "sparse", "dataframe"])
def test_safe_assign(array_type):
"""Check that `_safe_assign` works as expected."""
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
X_array = rng.randn(10, 5)
row_indexer = [1, 2]
values = rng.randn(len(row_indexer), X_array.shape[1])
X = _convert_container(X_array, array_type)
_safe_assign(X, values, row_indexer=row_indexer)
assigned_portion = _safe_indexing(X, row_indexer, axis=0)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(
assigned_portion, _convert_container(values, array_type)
)
column_indexer = [1, 2]
values = rng.randn(X_array.shape[0], len(column_indexer))
X = _convert_container(X_array, array_type)
_safe_assign(X, values, column_indexer=column_indexer)
assigned_portion = _safe_indexing(X, column_indexer, axis=1)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(
assigned_portion, _convert_container(values, array_type)
)
row_indexer, column_indexer = None, None
values = rng.randn(*X.shape)
X = _convert_container(X_array, array_type)
_safe_assign(X, values, column_indexer=column_indexer)
assert_allclose_dense_sparse(X, _convert_container(values, array_type))
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"key, err_msg",
[
(10, r"all features must be in \[0, 2\]"),
("whatever", "A given column is not a column of the dataframe"),
(object(), "No valid specification of the columns"),
],
)
def test_get_column_indices_error(key, err_msg):
pd = pytest.importorskip("pandas")
X_df = pd.DataFrame(X_toy, columns=["col_0", "col_1", "col_2"])
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=err_msg):
_get_column_indices(X_df, key)
@pytest.mark.parametrize(
"key", [["col1"], ["col2"], ["col1", "col2"], ["col1", "col3"], ["col2", "col3"]]
)
def test_get_column_indices_pandas_nonunique_columns_error(key):
pd = pytest.importorskip("pandas")
toy = np.zeros((1, 5), dtype=int)
columns = ["col1", "col1", "col2", "col3", "col2"]
X = pd.DataFrame(toy, columns=columns)
err_msg = "Selected columns, {}, are not unique in dataframe".format(key)
with pytest.raises(ValueError) as exc_info:
_get_column_indices(X, key)
assert str(exc_info.value) == err_msg
def test_get_column_indices_interchange():
"""Check _get_column_indices for edge cases with the interchange"""
pl = pytest.importorskip("polars")
# Polars dataframes go down the interchange path.
df = pl.DataFrame([[1, 2, 3], [4, 5, 6]], schema=["a", "b", "c"])
key_results = [
(slice(1, None), [1, 2]),
(slice(None, 2), [0, 1]),
(slice(1, 2), [1]),
(["b", "c"], [1, 2]),
(slice("a", "b"), [0, 1]),
(slice("a", None), [0, 1, 2]),
(slice(None, "a"), [0]),
(["c", "a"], [2, 0]),
([], []),
]
for key, result in key_results:
assert _get_column_indices(df, key) == result
msg = "A given column is not a column of the dataframe"
with pytest.raises(ValueError, match=msg):
_get_column_indices(df, ["not_a_column"])
msg = "key.step must be 1 or None"
with pytest.raises(NotImplementedError, match=msg):
_get_column_indices(df, slice("a", None, 2))
def test_resample():
# Border case not worth mentioning in doctests
assert resample() is None
# Check that invalid arguments yield ValueError
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
resample([0], [0, 1])
with pytest.raises(ValueError):
resample([0, 1], [0, 1], replace=False, n_samples=3)
# Issue:6581, n_samples can be more when replace is True (default).
assert len(resample([1, 2], n_samples=5)) == 5
def test_resample_weighted():
# Check that sampling with replacement with integer weights yields the
# samples from the same distribution as sampling uniformly with
# repeated data points.
data = np.array([-1, 0, 1])
sample_weight = np.asarray([0, 100, 1])
mean_repeated = []
mean_reweighted = []
for seed in range(100):
mean_repeated.append(
resample(
data.repeat(sample_weight),
replace=True,
random_state=seed,
n_samples=data.shape[0],
).mean()
)
mean_reweighted.append(
resample(
data,
sample_weight=sample_weight,
replace=True,
random_state=seed,
n_samples=data.shape[0],
).mean()
)
mean_repeated = np.asarray(mean_repeated)
mean_reweighted = np.asarray(mean_reweighted)
test_result = kstest(mean_repeated, mean_reweighted)
# Should never be negative because -1 has a 0 weight.
assert np.all(mean_reweighted >= 0)
# The null-hypothesis (the computed means are identically distributed)
# cannot be rejected.
assert test_result.pvalue > 0.05
def test_resample_stratified():
# Make sure resample can stratify
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
n_samples = 100
p = 0.9
X = rng.normal(size=(n_samples, 1))
y = rng.binomial(1, p, size=n_samples)
_, y_not_stratified = resample(X, y, n_samples=10, random_state=0, stratify=None)
assert np.all(y_not_stratified == 1)
_, y_stratified = resample(X, y, n_samples=10, random_state=0, stratify=y)
assert not np.all(y_stratified == 1)
assert np.sum(y_stratified) == 9 # all 1s, one 0
def test_resample_stratified_replace():
# Make sure stratified resampling supports the replace parameter
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
n_samples = 100
X = rng.normal(size=(n_samples, 1))
y = rng.randint(0, 2, size=n_samples)
X_replace, _ = resample(
X, y, replace=True, n_samples=50, random_state=rng, stratify=y
)
X_no_replace, _ = resample(
X, y, replace=False, n_samples=50, random_state=rng, stratify=y
)
assert np.unique(X_replace).shape[0] < 50
assert np.unique(X_no_replace).shape[0] == 50
# make sure n_samples can be greater than X.shape[0] if we sample with
# replacement
X_replace, _ = resample(
X, y, replace=True, n_samples=1000, random_state=rng, stratify=y
)
assert X_replace.shape[0] == 1000
assert np.unique(X_replace).shape[0] == 100
def test_resample_stratify_2dy():
# Make sure y can be 2d when stratifying
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
n_samples = 100
X = rng.normal(size=(n_samples, 1))
y = rng.randint(0, 2, size=(n_samples, 2))
X, y = resample(X, y, n_samples=50, random_state=rng, stratify=y)
assert y.ndim == 2
def test_notimplementederror():
with pytest.raises(
NotImplementedError,
match="Resampling with sample_weight is only implemented for replace=True.",
):
resample([0, 1], [0, 1], sample_weight=[1, 1], replace=False)
with pytest.raises(
NotImplementedError,
match="Resampling with sample_weight is only implemented for stratify=None",
):
resample([0, 1], [0, 1], sample_weight=[1, 1], stratify=[0, 1])
@pytest.mark.parametrize("csr_container", CSR_CONTAINERS)
def test_resample_stratify_sparse_error(csr_container):
# resample must be ndarray
rng = np.random.RandomState(0)
n_samples = 100
X = rng.normal(size=(n_samples, 2))
y = rng.randint(0, 2, size=n_samples)
stratify = csr_container(y.reshape(-1, 1))
with pytest.raises(TypeError, match="Sparse data was passed"):
X, y = resample(X, y, n_samples=50, random_state=rng, stratify=stratify)
def test_shuffle_on_ndim_equals_three():
def to_tuple(A): # to make the inner arrays hashable
return tuple(tuple(tuple(C) for C in B) for B in A)
A = np.array([[[1, 2], [3, 4]], [[5, 6], [7, 8]]]) # A.shape = (2,2,2)
S = set(to_tuple(A))
shuffle(A) # shouldn't raise a ValueError for dim = 3
assert set(to_tuple(A)) == S
@pytest.mark.parametrize("csc_container", CSC_CONTAINERS)
def test_shuffle_dont_convert_to_array(csc_container):
# Check that shuffle does not try to convert to numpy arrays with float
# dtypes can let any indexable datastructure pass-through.
a = ["a", "b", "c"]
b = np.array(["a", "b", "c"], dtype=object)
c = [1, 2, 3]
d = MockDataFrame(np.array([["a", 0], ["b", 1], ["c", 2]], dtype=object))
e = csc_container(np.arange(6).reshape(3, 2))
a_s, b_s, c_s, d_s, e_s = shuffle(a, b, c, d, e, random_state=0)
assert a_s == ["c", "b", "a"]
assert type(a_s) == list
assert_array_equal(b_s, ["c", "b", "a"])
assert b_s.dtype == object
assert c_s == [3, 2, 1]
assert type(c_s) == list
assert_array_equal(d_s, np.array([["c", 2], ["b", 1], ["a", 0]], dtype=object))
assert type(d_s) == MockDataFrame
assert_array_equal(e_s.toarray(), np.array([[4, 5], [2, 3], [0, 1]]))