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# Copyright 2023 Google AI and The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""PyTorch ViViT model."""
from collections.abc import Callable
import torch
from torch import nn
from ... import initialization as init
from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...modeling_layers import GradientCheckpointingLayer
from ...modeling_outputs import BaseModelOutput, BaseModelOutputWithPooling, ImageClassifierOutput
from ...modeling_utils import ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS, PreTrainedModel
from ...processing_utils import Unpack
from ...utils import TransformersKwargs, auto_docstring, logging, torch_int
from ...utils.generic import can_return_tuple, check_model_inputs
from .configuration_vivit import VivitConfig
logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
class VivitTubeletEmbeddings(nn.Module):
"""
Construct Vivit Tubelet embeddings.
This module turns a batch of videos of shape (batch_size, num_frames, num_channels, height, width) into a tensor of
shape (batch_size, seq_len, hidden_size) to be consumed by a Transformer encoder.
The seq_len (the number of patches) equals (number of frames // tubelet_size[0]) * (height // tubelet_size[1]) *
(width // tubelet_size[2]).
"""
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.num_frames = config.num_frames
self.image_size = config.image_size
self.patch_size = config.tubelet_size
self.num_patches = (
(self.image_size // self.patch_size[2])
* (self.image_size // self.patch_size[1])
* (self.num_frames // self.patch_size[0])
)
self.embed_dim = config.hidden_size
self.projection = nn.Conv3d(
config.num_channels, config.hidden_size, kernel_size=config.tubelet_size, stride=config.tubelet_size
)
def forward(self, pixel_values: torch.Tensor, interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False) -> torch.Tensor:
batch_size, num_frames, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
if not interpolate_pos_encoding and (height != self.image_size or width != self.image_size):
raise ValueError(
f"Image image size ({height}*{width}) doesn't match model ({self.image_size[0]}*{self.image_size[1]})."
)
# permute to (batch_size, num_channels, num_frames, height, width)
pixel_values = pixel_values.permute(0, 2, 1, 3, 4)
x = self.projection(pixel_values)
# out_batch_size, out_num_channels, out_num_frames, out_height, out_width = x.shape
# flattens time and space dimensions, transposes to (out_batch_size, flat_tokens, out_num_channels)
x = x.flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
return x
class VivitEmbeddings(nn.Module):
"""
Vivit Embeddings.
Creates embeddings from a video using VivitTubeletEmbeddings, adds CLS token and positional embeddings.
"""
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, config.hidden_size))
self.patch_embeddings = VivitTubeletEmbeddings(config)
self.position_embeddings = nn.Parameter(
torch.zeros(1, self.patch_embeddings.num_patches + 1, config.hidden_size)
)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
self.patch_size = config.tubelet_size[1:]
self.config = config
# Adapted from transformers.models.vit.modeling_vit.ViTEmbeddings.interpolate_pos_encoding
def interpolate_pos_encoding(self, embeddings: torch.Tensor, height: int, width: int) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
This method allows to interpolate the pre-trained position encodings, to be able to use the model on higher resolution
images. This method is also adapted to support torch.jit tracing.
Adapted from:
- https://github.com/facebookresearch/dino/blob/de9ee3df6cf39fac952ab558447af1fa1365362a/vision_transformer.py#L174-L194, and
- https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov2/blob/e1277af2ba9496fbadf7aec6eba56e8d882d1e35/dinov2/models/vision_transformer.py#L179-L211
"""
num_patches = embeddings.shape[1] - 1
num_positions = self.position_embeddings.shape[1] - 1
# always interpolate when tracing to ensure the exported model works for dynamic input shapes
if not torch.jit.is_tracing() and num_patches == num_positions and height == width:
return self.position_embeddings
class_pos_embed = self.position_embeddings[:, :1]
patch_pos_embed = self.position_embeddings[:, 1:]
dim = embeddings.shape[-1]
new_height = height // self.patch_size[0]
new_width = width // self.patch_size[1]
sqrt_num_positions = torch_int(num_positions**0.5)
patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.reshape(1, sqrt_num_positions, sqrt_num_positions, dim)
patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
patch_pos_embed = nn.functional.interpolate(
patch_pos_embed,
size=(new_height, new_width),
mode="bicubic",
align_corners=False,
)
patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).view(1, -1, dim)
return torch.cat((class_pos_embed, patch_pos_embed), dim=1)
def forward(self, pixel_values: torch.Tensor, interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False) -> torch.Tensor:
batch_size, num_frames, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
embeddings = self.patch_embeddings(pixel_values, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding)
cls_tokens = self.cls_token.tile([batch_size, 1, 1])
embeddings = torch.cat((cls_tokens, embeddings), dim=1)
# add positional encoding to each token
if interpolate_pos_encoding:
embeddings = embeddings + self.interpolate_pos_encoding(embeddings, height, width)
else:
embeddings = embeddings + self.position_embeddings
embeddings = self.dropout(embeddings)
return embeddings
# Copied from transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.eager_attention_forward
def eager_attention_forward(
module: nn.Module,
query: torch.Tensor,
key: torch.Tensor,
value: torch.Tensor,
attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None,
scaling: float | None = None,
dropout: float = 0.0,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
):
if scaling is None:
scaling = query.size(-1) ** -0.5
# Take the dot product between "query" and "key" to get the raw attention scores.
attn_weights = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(2, 3)) * scaling
if attention_mask is not None:
attention_mask = attention_mask[:, :, :, : key.shape[-2]]
attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask
attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)
attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=dropout, training=module.training)
attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value)
attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
return attn_output, attn_weights
# Copied from transformers.models.vit.modeling_vit.ViTSelfAttention with ViT->Vivit
class VivitSelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
if config.hidden_size % config.num_attention_heads != 0 and not hasattr(config, "embedding_size"):
raise ValueError(
f"The hidden size {config.hidden_size} is not a multiple of the number of attention "
f"heads {config.num_attention_heads}."
)
self.config = config
self.num_attention_heads = config.num_attention_heads
self.attention_head_size = int(config.hidden_size / config.num_attention_heads)
self.all_head_size = self.num_attention_heads * self.attention_head_size
self.dropout_prob = config.attention_probs_dropout_prob
self.scaling = self.attention_head_size**-0.5
self.is_causal = False
self.query = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
self.key = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
self.value = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
batch_size = hidden_states.shape[0]
new_shape = batch_size, -1, self.num_attention_heads, self.attention_head_size
key_layer = self.key(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
value_layer = self.value(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
query_layer = self.query(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
attention_interface: Callable = ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS.get_interface(
self.config._attn_implementation, eager_attention_forward
)
context_layer, attention_probs = attention_interface(
self,
query_layer,
key_layer,
value_layer,
None,
is_causal=self.is_causal,
scaling=self.scaling,
dropout=0.0 if not self.training else self.dropout_prob,
)
new_context_layer_shape = context_layer.size()[:-2] + (self.all_head_size,)
context_layer = context_layer.reshape(new_context_layer_shape)
return context_layer, attention_probs
# Copied from transformers.models.vit.modeling_vit.ViTSelfOutput with ViT->Vivit
class VivitSelfOutput(nn.Module):
"""
The residual connection is defined in VivitLayer instead of here (as is the case with other models), due to the
layernorm applied before each block.
"""
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.hidden_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, input_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
return hidden_states
# Copied from transformers.models.vit.modeling_vit.ViTAttention with ViT->Vivit
class VivitAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.attention = VivitSelfAttention(config)
self.output = VivitSelfOutput(config)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
self_attn_output, _ = self.attention(hidden_states)
output = self.output(self_attn_output, hidden_states)
return output
class VivitIntermediate(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.intermediate_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
if isinstance(config.hidden_act, str):
self.intermediate_act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
else:
self.intermediate_act_fn = config.hidden_act
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.intermediate_act_fn(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
return hidden_states
class VivitOutput(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.intermediate_size, config.hidden_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, input_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
hidden_states = hidden_states + input_tensor
return hidden_states
class VivitLayer(GradientCheckpointingLayer):
"""This corresponds to the EncoderBlock class in the scenic/vivit implementation."""
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.chunk_size_feed_forward = config.chunk_size_feed_forward
self.seq_len_dim = 1
self.attention = VivitAttention(config)
self.intermediate = VivitIntermediate(config)
self.output = VivitOutput(config)
self.layernorm_before = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
self.layernorm_after = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states_norm = self.layernorm_before(hidden_states)
attention_output = self.attention(hidden_states_norm)
# first residual connection
hidden_states = attention_output + hidden_states
# in Vivit, layernorm is also applied after self-attention
layer_output = self.layernorm_after(hidden_states)
layer_output = self.intermediate(layer_output)
# second residual connection is done here
layer_output = self.output(layer_output, hidden_states)
return layer_output
class VivitEncoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.config = config
self.layer = nn.ModuleList([VivitLayer(config) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
self.gradient_checkpointing = False
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> BaseModelOutput:
for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.layer):
hidden_states = layer_module(hidden_states)
return BaseModelOutput(last_hidden_state=hidden_states)
class VivitPooler(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.hidden_size)
self.activation = nn.Tanh()
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
# We "pool" the model by simply taking the hidden state corresponding
# to the first token.
first_token_tensor = hidden_states[:, 0]
pooled_output = self.dense(first_token_tensor)
pooled_output = self.activation(pooled_output)
return pooled_output
@auto_docstring
class VivitPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
config: VivitConfig
base_model_prefix = "vivit"
main_input_name = "pixel_values"
input_modalities = "video"
supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
_no_split_modules = ["VivitLayer"]
_supports_sdpa = True
_supports_flash_attn = True
_supports_flex_attn = True
_supports_attention_backend = True
_can_record_outputs = {
"hidden_states": VivitLayer,
"attentions": VivitSelfAttention,
}
@torch.no_grad()
def _init_weights(self, module):
"""Initialize the weights"""
super()._init_weights(module)
if isinstance(module, VivitEmbeddings):
init.zeros_(module.cls_token)
init.zeros_(module.position_embeddings)
@auto_docstring
class VivitModel(VivitPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig, add_pooling_layer: bool = True):
r"""
add_pooling_layer (bool, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
Whether to add a pooling layer
"""
super().__init__(config)
self.config = config
self.embeddings = VivitEmbeddings(config)
self.encoder = VivitEncoder(config)
self.layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
self.pooler = VivitPooler(config) if add_pooling_layer else None
# Initialize weights and apply final processing
self.post_init()
def get_input_embeddings(self):
return self.embeddings.patch_embeddings
@check_model_inputs(tie_last_hidden_states=False)
@auto_docstring
def forward(
self,
pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
) -> BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
r"""
Examples:
```python
>>> import av
>>> import numpy as np
>>> from transformers import VivitImageProcessor, VivitModel
>>> from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> def read_video_pyav(container, indices):
... '''
... Decode the video with PyAV decoder.
... Args:
... container (`av.container.input.InputContainer`): PyAV container.
... indices (`list[int]`): List of frame indices to decode.
... Returns:
... result (np.ndarray): np array of decoded frames of shape (num_frames, height, width, 3).
... '''
... frames = []
... container.seek(0)
... start_index = indices[0]
... end_index = indices[-1]
... for i, frame in enumerate(container.decode(video=0)):
... if i > end_index:
... break
... if i >= start_index and i in indices:
... frames.append(frame)
... return np.stack([x.to_ndarray(format="rgb24") for x in frames])
>>> def sample_frame_indices(clip_len, frame_sample_rate, seg_len):
... '''
... Sample a given number of frame indices from the video.
... Args:
... clip_len (`int`): Total number of frames to sample.
... frame_sample_rate (`int`): Sample every n-th frame.
... seg_len (`int`): Maximum allowed index of sample's last frame.
... Returns:
... indices (`list[int]`): List of sampled frame indices
... '''
... converted_len = int(clip_len * frame_sample_rate)
... end_idx = np.random.randint(converted_len, seg_len)
... start_idx = end_idx - converted_len
... indices = np.linspace(start_idx, end_idx, num=clip_len)
... indices = np.clip(indices, start_idx, end_idx - 1).astype(np.int64)
... return indices
>>> # video clip consists of 300 frames (10 seconds at 30 FPS)
>>> file_path = hf_hub_download(
... repo_id="nielsr/video-demo", filename="eating_spaghetti.mp4", repo_type="dataset"
... )
>>> container = av.open(file_path)
>>> # sample 32 frames
>>> indices = sample_frame_indices(clip_len=32, frame_sample_rate=1, seg_len=container.streams.video[0].frames)
>>> video = read_video_pyav(container=container, indices=indices)
>>> image_processor = VivitImageProcessor.from_pretrained("google/vivit-b-16x2-kinetics400")
>>> model = VivitModel.from_pretrained("google/vivit-b-16x2-kinetics400")
>>> # prepare video for the model
>>> inputs = image_processor(list(video), return_tensors="pt")
>>> # forward pass
>>> outputs = model(**inputs)
>>> last_hidden_states = outputs.last_hidden_state
>>> list(last_hidden_states.shape)
[1, 3137, 768]
```"""
if pixel_values is None:
raise ValueError("You have to specify pixel_values")
embedding_output = self.embeddings(pixel_values, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding)
encoder_outputs: BaseModelOutput = self.encoder(embedding_output)
sequence_output = encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state
sequence_output = self.layernorm(sequence_output)
pooled_output = self.pooler(sequence_output) if self.pooler is not None else None
return BaseModelOutputWithPooling(last_hidden_state=sequence_output, pooler_output=pooled_output)
@auto_docstring(
custom_intro="""
ViViT Transformer model with a video classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the final hidden state of the
[CLS] token) e.g. for Kinetics-400.
<Tip>
Note that it's possible to fine-tune ViT on higher resolution images than the ones it has been trained on, by
setting `interpolate_pos_encoding` to `True` in the forward of the model. This will interpolate the pre-trained
position embeddings to the higher resolution.
</Tip>
"""
)
class VivitForVideoClassification(VivitPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config: VivitConfig):
super().__init__(config)
self.num_labels = config.num_labels
self.vivit = VivitModel(config, add_pooling_layer=False)
# Classifier head
self.classifier = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_labels) if config.num_labels > 0 else nn.Identity()
# Initialize weights and apply final processing
self.post_init()
@can_return_tuple
@auto_docstring
def forward(
self,
pixel_values: torch.FloatTensor | None = None,
labels: torch.LongTensor | None = None,
interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
) -> ImageClassifierOutput:
r"""
labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
Labels for computing the image classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
`config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
Examples:
```python
>>> import av
>>> import numpy as np
>>> import torch
>>> from transformers import VivitImageProcessor, VivitForVideoClassification
>>> from huggingface_hub import hf_hub_download
>>> np.random.seed(0)
>>> def read_video_pyav(container, indices):
... '''
... Decode the video with PyAV decoder.
... Args:
... container (`av.container.input.InputContainer`): PyAV container.
... indices (`list[int]`): List of frame indices to decode.
... Returns:
... result (np.ndarray): np array of decoded frames of shape (num_frames, height, width, 3).
... '''
... frames = []
... container.seek(0)
... start_index = indices[0]
... end_index = indices[-1]
... for i, frame in enumerate(container.decode(video=0)):
... if i > end_index:
... break
... if i >= start_index and i in indices:
... frames.append(frame)
... return np.stack([x.to_ndarray(format="rgb24") for x in frames])
>>> def sample_frame_indices(clip_len, frame_sample_rate, seg_len):
... '''
... Sample a given number of frame indices from the video.
... Args:
... clip_len (`int`): Total number of frames to sample.
... frame_sample_rate (`int`): Sample every n-th frame.
... seg_len (`int`): Maximum allowed index of sample's last frame.
... Returns:
... indices (`list[int]`): List of sampled frame indices
... '''
... converted_len = int(clip_len * frame_sample_rate)
... end_idx = np.random.randint(converted_len, seg_len)
... start_idx = end_idx - converted_len
... indices = np.linspace(start_idx, end_idx, num=clip_len)
... indices = np.clip(indices, start_idx, end_idx - 1).astype(np.int64)
... return indices
>>> # video clip consists of 300 frames (10 seconds at 30 FPS)
>>> file_path = hf_hub_download(
... repo_id="nielsr/video-demo", filename="eating_spaghetti.mp4", repo_type="dataset"
... )
>>> container = av.open(file_path)
>>> # sample 32 frames
>>> indices = sample_frame_indices(clip_len=32, frame_sample_rate=4, seg_len=container.streams.video[0].frames)
>>> video = read_video_pyav(container=container, indices=indices)
>>> image_processor = VivitImageProcessor.from_pretrained("google/vivit-b-16x2-kinetics400")
>>> model = VivitForVideoClassification.from_pretrained("google/vivit-b-16x2-kinetics400")
>>> inputs = image_processor(list(video), return_tensors="pt")
>>> with torch.no_grad():
... outputs = model(**inputs)
... logits = outputs.logits
>>> # model predicts one of the 400 Kinetics-400 classes
>>> predicted_label = logits.argmax(-1).item()
>>> print(model.config.id2label[predicted_label])
LABEL_116
```"""
outputs: BaseModelOutput = self.vivit(
pixel_values, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding, **kwargs
)
sequence_output = outputs.last_hidden_state
logits = self.classifier(sequence_output[:, 0, :])
loss = None
if labels is not None:
loss = self.loss_function(labels, logits, self.config, **kwargs)
return ImageClassifierOutput(
loss=loss,
logits=logits,
hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
attentions=outputs.attentions,
)
__all__ = ["VivitModel", "VivitPreTrainedModel", "VivitForVideoClassification"]