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# Copyright 2021 Google AI, Ross Wightman, The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
# http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""PyTorch ViT model."""
import collections.abc
import math
from collections.abc import Callable
import torch
from torch import nn
from ... import initialization as init
from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...modeling_layers import GradientCheckpointingLayer
from ...modeling_outputs import (
BaseModelOutput,
BaseModelOutputWithPooling,
ImageClassifierOutput,
MaskedImageModelingOutput,
)
from ...modeling_utils import ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS, PreTrainedModel
from ...processing_utils import Unpack
from ...utils import TransformersKwargs, auto_docstring, logging, torch_int
from ...utils.generic import can_return_tuple, check_model_inputs
from .configuration_vit import ViTConfig
logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)
class ViTEmbeddings(nn.Module):
"""
Construct the CLS token, position and patch embeddings. Optionally, also the mask token.
"""
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig, use_mask_token: bool = False):
super().__init__()
self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, 1, config.hidden_size))
self.mask_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, config.hidden_size)) if use_mask_token else None
self.patch_embeddings = ViTPatchEmbeddings(config)
num_patches = self.patch_embeddings.num_patches
self.position_embeddings = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, num_patches + 1, config.hidden_size))
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
self.patch_size = config.patch_size
self.config = config
def interpolate_pos_encoding(self, embeddings: torch.Tensor, height: int, width: int) -> torch.Tensor:
"""
This method allows to interpolate the pre-trained position encodings, to be able to use the model on higher resolution
images. This method is also adapted to support torch.jit tracing.
Adapted from:
- https://github.com/facebookresearch/dino/blob/de9ee3df6cf39fac952ab558447af1fa1365362a/vision_transformer.py#L174-L194, and
- https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov2/blob/e1277af2ba9496fbadf7aec6eba56e8d882d1e35/dinov2/models/vision_transformer.py#L179-L211
"""
num_patches = embeddings.shape[1] - 1
num_positions = self.position_embeddings.shape[1] - 1
# always interpolate when tracing to ensure the exported model works for dynamic input shapes
if not torch.jit.is_tracing() and num_patches == num_positions and height == width:
return self.position_embeddings
class_pos_embed = self.position_embeddings[:, :1]
patch_pos_embed = self.position_embeddings[:, 1:]
dim = embeddings.shape[-1]
new_height = height // self.patch_size
new_width = width // self.patch_size
sqrt_num_positions = torch_int(num_positions**0.5)
patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.reshape(1, sqrt_num_positions, sqrt_num_positions, dim)
patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)
patch_pos_embed = nn.functional.interpolate(
patch_pos_embed,
size=(new_height, new_width),
mode="bicubic",
align_corners=False,
)
patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).view(1, -1, dim)
return torch.cat((class_pos_embed, patch_pos_embed), dim=1)
def forward(
self,
pixel_values: torch.Tensor,
bool_masked_pos: torch.BoolTensor | None = None,
interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False,
) -> torch.Tensor:
batch_size, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
embeddings = self.patch_embeddings(pixel_values, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding)
if bool_masked_pos is not None:
seq_length = embeddings.shape[1]
mask_tokens = self.mask_token.expand(batch_size, seq_length, -1)
# replace the masked visual tokens by mask_tokens
mask = bool_masked_pos.unsqueeze(-1).type_as(mask_tokens)
embeddings = embeddings * (1.0 - mask) + mask_tokens * mask
# add the [CLS] token to the embedded patch tokens
cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(batch_size, -1, -1)
embeddings = torch.cat((cls_tokens, embeddings), dim=1)
# add positional encoding to each token
if interpolate_pos_encoding:
embeddings = embeddings + self.interpolate_pos_encoding(embeddings, height, width)
else:
embeddings = embeddings + self.position_embeddings
embeddings = self.dropout(embeddings)
return embeddings
class ViTPatchEmbeddings(nn.Module):
"""
This class turns `pixel_values` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)` into the initial
`hidden_states` (patch embeddings) of shape `(batch_size, seq_length, hidden_size)` to be consumed by a
Transformer.
"""
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
image_size, patch_size = config.image_size, config.patch_size
num_channels, hidden_size = config.num_channels, config.hidden_size
image_size = image_size if isinstance(image_size, collections.abc.Iterable) else (image_size, image_size)
patch_size = patch_size if isinstance(patch_size, collections.abc.Iterable) else (patch_size, patch_size)
num_patches = (image_size[1] // patch_size[1]) * (image_size[0] // patch_size[0])
self.image_size = image_size
self.patch_size = patch_size
self.num_channels = num_channels
self.num_patches = num_patches
self.projection = nn.Conv2d(num_channels, hidden_size, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)
def forward(self, pixel_values: torch.Tensor, interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False) -> torch.Tensor:
batch_size, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
if num_channels != self.num_channels:
raise ValueError(
"Make sure that the channel dimension of the pixel values match with the one set in the configuration."
f" Expected {self.num_channels} but got {num_channels}."
)
if not interpolate_pos_encoding:
if height != self.image_size[0] or width != self.image_size[1]:
raise ValueError(
f"Input image size ({height}*{width}) doesn't match model"
f" ({self.image_size[0]}*{self.image_size[1]})."
)
embeddings = self.projection(pixel_values).flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
return embeddings
# Copied from transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.eager_attention_forward
def eager_attention_forward(
module: nn.Module,
query: torch.Tensor,
key: torch.Tensor,
value: torch.Tensor,
attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None,
scaling: float | None = None,
dropout: float = 0.0,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
):
if scaling is None:
scaling = query.size(-1) ** -0.5
# Take the dot product between "query" and "key" to get the raw attention scores.
attn_weights = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(2, 3)) * scaling
if attention_mask is not None:
attention_mask = attention_mask[:, :, :, : key.shape[-2]]
attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask
attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)
attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=dropout, training=module.training)
attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value)
attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()
return attn_output, attn_weights
class ViTSelfAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
if config.hidden_size % config.num_attention_heads != 0 and not hasattr(config, "embedding_size"):
raise ValueError(
f"The hidden size {config.hidden_size} is not a multiple of the number of attention "
f"heads {config.num_attention_heads}."
)
self.config = config
self.num_attention_heads = config.num_attention_heads
self.attention_head_size = int(config.hidden_size / config.num_attention_heads)
self.all_head_size = self.num_attention_heads * self.attention_head_size
self.dropout_prob = config.attention_probs_dropout_prob
self.scaling = self.attention_head_size**-0.5
self.is_causal = False
self.query = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
self.key = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
self.value = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
batch_size = hidden_states.shape[0]
new_shape = batch_size, -1, self.num_attention_heads, self.attention_head_size
key_layer = self.key(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
value_layer = self.value(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
query_layer = self.query(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
attention_interface: Callable = ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS.get_interface(
self.config._attn_implementation, eager_attention_forward
)
context_layer, attention_probs = attention_interface(
self,
query_layer,
key_layer,
value_layer,
None,
is_causal=self.is_causal,
scaling=self.scaling,
dropout=0.0 if not self.training else self.dropout_prob,
)
new_context_layer_shape = context_layer.size()[:-2] + (self.all_head_size,)
context_layer = context_layer.reshape(new_context_layer_shape)
return context_layer, attention_probs
class ViTSelfOutput(nn.Module):
"""
The residual connection is defined in ViTLayer instead of here (as is the case with other models), due to the
layernorm applied before each block.
"""
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.hidden_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, input_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
return hidden_states
class ViTAttention(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.attention = ViTSelfAttention(config)
self.output = ViTSelfOutput(config)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
self_attn_output, _ = self.attention(hidden_states)
output = self.output(self_attn_output, hidden_states)
return output
class ViTIntermediate(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.intermediate_size)
if isinstance(config.hidden_act, str):
self.intermediate_act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
else:
self.intermediate_act_fn = config.hidden_act
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.intermediate_act_fn(hidden_states)
return hidden_states
class ViTOutput(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.intermediate_size, config.hidden_size)
self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, input_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
hidden_states = hidden_states + input_tensor
return hidden_states
class ViTLayer(GradientCheckpointingLayer):
"""This corresponds to the Block class in the timm implementation."""
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.chunk_size_feed_forward = config.chunk_size_feed_forward
self.seq_len_dim = 1
self.attention = ViTAttention(config)
self.intermediate = ViTIntermediate(config)
self.output = ViTOutput(config)
self.layernorm_before = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
self.layernorm_after = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
hidden_states_norm = self.layernorm_before(hidden_states)
attention_output = self.attention(hidden_states_norm)
# first residual connection
hidden_states = attention_output + hidden_states
# in ViT, layernorm is also applied after self-attention
layer_output = self.layernorm_after(hidden_states)
layer_output = self.intermediate(layer_output)
# second residual connection is done here
layer_output = self.output(layer_output, hidden_states)
return layer_output
class ViTEncoder(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.config = config
self.layer = nn.ModuleList([ViTLayer(config) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
self.gradient_checkpointing = False
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> BaseModelOutput:
for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.layer):
hidden_states = layer_module(hidden_states)
return BaseModelOutput(last_hidden_state=hidden_states)
@auto_docstring
class ViTPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
config: ViTConfig
base_model_prefix = "vit"
main_input_name = "pixel_values"
input_modalities = ("image",)
supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
_no_split_modules = ["ViTEmbeddings", "ViTLayer"]
_supports_sdpa = True
_supports_flash_attn = True
_supports_flex_attn = True
_supports_attention_backend = True
_can_record_outputs = {
"hidden_states": ViTLayer,
"attentions": ViTSelfAttention,
}
@torch.no_grad()
def _init_weights(self, module: nn.Linear | nn.Conv2d | nn.LayerNorm):
"""Initialize the weights"""
if isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Conv2d)):
init.trunc_normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
if module.bias is not None:
init.zeros_(module.bias)
elif isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
init.zeros_(module.bias)
init.ones_(module.weight)
elif isinstance(module, ViTEmbeddings):
init.trunc_normal_(module.position_embeddings, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
init.trunc_normal_(module.cls_token, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
if module.mask_token is not None:
init.zeros_(module.mask_token)
@auto_docstring
class ViTModel(ViTPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig, add_pooling_layer: bool = True, use_mask_token: bool = False):
r"""
add_pooling_layer (bool, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
Whether to add a pooling layer
use_mask_token (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
Whether to use a mask token for masked image modeling.
"""
super().__init__(config)
self.config = config
self.embeddings = ViTEmbeddings(config, use_mask_token=use_mask_token)
self.encoder = ViTEncoder(config)
self.layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
self.pooler = ViTPooler(config) if add_pooling_layer else None
# Initialize weights and apply final processing
self.post_init()
def get_input_embeddings(self) -> ViTPatchEmbeddings:
return self.embeddings.patch_embeddings
@check_model_inputs(tie_last_hidden_states=False)
@auto_docstring
def forward(
self,
pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
bool_masked_pos: torch.BoolTensor | None = None,
interpolate_pos_encoding: bool | None = None,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
) -> BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
r"""
bool_masked_pos (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches)`, *optional*):
Boolean masked positions. Indicates which patches are masked (1) and which aren't (0).
"""
if pixel_values is None:
raise ValueError("You have to specify pixel_values")
# TODO: maybe have a cleaner way to cast the input (from `ImageProcessor` side?)
expected_dtype = self.embeddings.patch_embeddings.projection.weight.dtype
if pixel_values.dtype != expected_dtype:
pixel_values = pixel_values.to(expected_dtype)
embedding_output = self.embeddings(
pixel_values, bool_masked_pos=bool_masked_pos, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding
)
encoder_outputs: BaseModelOutput = self.encoder(embedding_output)
sequence_output = encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state
sequence_output = self.layernorm(sequence_output)
pooled_output = self.pooler(sequence_output) if self.pooler is not None else None
return BaseModelOutputWithPooling(last_hidden_state=sequence_output, pooler_output=pooled_output)
class ViTPooler(nn.Module):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__()
self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.pooler_output_size)
self.activation = ACT2FN[config.pooler_act]
def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
# We "pool" the model by simply taking the hidden state corresponding
# to the first token.
first_token_tensor = hidden_states[:, 0]
pooled_output = self.dense(first_token_tensor)
pooled_output = self.activation(pooled_output)
return pooled_output
@auto_docstring(
custom_intro="""
ViT Model with a decoder on top for masked image modeling, as proposed in [SimMIM](https://huggingface.co/papers/2111.09886).
<Tip>
Note that we provide a script to pre-train this model on custom data in our [examples
directory](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/pytorch/image-pretraining).
</Tip>
"""
)
class ViTForMaskedImageModeling(ViTPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__(config)
self.vit = ViTModel(config, add_pooling_layer=False, use_mask_token=True)
self.decoder = nn.Sequential(
nn.Conv2d(
in_channels=config.hidden_size,
out_channels=config.encoder_stride**2 * config.num_channels,
kernel_size=1,
),
nn.PixelShuffle(config.encoder_stride),
)
# Initialize weights and apply final processing
self.post_init()
@can_return_tuple
@auto_docstring
def forward(
self,
pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
bool_masked_pos: torch.BoolTensor | None = None,
interpolate_pos_encoding: bool | None = None,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
) -> MaskedImageModelingOutput:
r"""
bool_masked_pos (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches)`):
Boolean masked positions. Indicates which patches are masked (1) and which aren't (0).
Examples:
```python
>>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, ViTForMaskedImageModeling
>>> import torch
>>> from PIL import Image
>>> import httpx
>>> from io import BytesIO
>>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
>>> with httpx.stream("GET", url) as response:
... image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.read()))
>>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224-in21k")
>>> model = ViTForMaskedImageModeling.from_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224-in21k")
>>> num_patches = (model.config.image_size // model.config.patch_size) ** 2
>>> pixel_values = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt").pixel_values
>>> # create random boolean mask of shape (batch_size, num_patches)
>>> bool_masked_pos = torch.randint(low=0, high=2, size=(1, num_patches)).bool()
>>> outputs = model(pixel_values, bool_masked_pos=bool_masked_pos)
>>> loss, reconstructed_pixel_values = outputs.loss, outputs.reconstruction
>>> list(reconstructed_pixel_values.shape)
[1, 3, 224, 224]
```"""
if bool_masked_pos is not None and (self.config.patch_size != self.config.encoder_stride):
raise ValueError(
"When `bool_masked_pos` is provided, `patch_size` must be equal to `encoder_stride` to ensure that "
"the reconstructed image has the same dimensions as the input. "
f"Got `patch_size` = {self.config.patch_size} and `encoder_stride` = {self.config.encoder_stride}."
)
outputs: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = self.vit(
pixel_values,
bool_masked_pos=bool_masked_pos,
interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding,
**kwargs,
)
sequence_output = outputs.last_hidden_state
# Reshape to (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)
sequence_output = sequence_output[:, 1:]
batch_size, sequence_length, num_channels = sequence_output.shape
height = width = math.floor(sequence_length**0.5)
sequence_output = sequence_output.permute(0, 2, 1).reshape(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)
# Reconstruct pixel values
reconstructed_pixel_values = self.decoder(sequence_output)
masked_im_loss = None
if bool_masked_pos is not None:
size = self.config.image_size // self.config.patch_size
bool_masked_pos = bool_masked_pos.reshape(-1, size, size)
mask = (
bool_masked_pos.repeat_interleave(self.config.patch_size, 1)
.repeat_interleave(self.config.patch_size, 2)
.unsqueeze(1)
.contiguous()
)
reconstruction_loss = nn.functional.l1_loss(pixel_values, reconstructed_pixel_values, reduction="none")
masked_im_loss = (reconstruction_loss * mask).sum() / (mask.sum() + 1e-5) / self.config.num_channels
return MaskedImageModelingOutput(
loss=masked_im_loss,
reconstruction=reconstructed_pixel_values,
hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
attentions=outputs.attentions,
)
@auto_docstring(
custom_intro="""
ViT Model transformer with an image classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the final hidden state of
the [CLS] token) e.g. for ImageNet.
<Tip>
Note that it's possible to fine-tune ViT on higher resolution images than the ones it has been trained on, by
setting `interpolate_pos_encoding` to `True` in the forward of the model. This will interpolate the pre-trained
position embeddings to the higher resolution.
</Tip>
"""
)
class ViTForImageClassification(ViTPreTrainedModel):
def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
super().__init__(config)
self.num_labels = config.num_labels
self.vit = ViTModel(config, add_pooling_layer=False)
# Classifier head
self.classifier = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_labels) if config.num_labels > 0 else nn.Identity()
# Initialize weights and apply final processing
self.post_init()
@can_return_tuple
@auto_docstring
def forward(
self,
pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
labels: torch.Tensor | None = None,
interpolate_pos_encoding: bool | None = None,
**kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
) -> ImageClassifierOutput:
r"""
labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
Labels for computing the image classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
`config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
"""
outputs: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = self.vit(
pixel_values,
interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding,
**kwargs,
)
sequence_output = outputs.last_hidden_state
pooled_output = sequence_output[:, 0, :]
logits = self.classifier(pooled_output)
loss = None
if labels is not None:
loss = self.loss_function(labels, logits, self.config, **kwargs)
return ImageClassifierOutput(
loss=loss,
logits=logits,
hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
attentions=outputs.attentions,
)
__all__ = ["ViTForImageClassification", "ViTForMaskedImageModeling", "ViTModel", "ViTPreTrainedModel"]