# Copyright 2021 Google AI, Ross Wightman, The HuggingFace Inc. team. All rights reserved.
#
# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
# You may obtain a copy of the License at
#
#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
# limitations under the License.
"""PyTorch ViT model."""

import collections.abc
import math
from collections.abc import Callable

import torch
from torch import nn

from ... import initialization as init
from ...activations import ACT2FN
from ...modeling_layers import GradientCheckpointingLayer
from ...modeling_outputs import (
    BaseModelOutput,
    BaseModelOutputWithPooling,
    ImageClassifierOutput,
    MaskedImageModelingOutput,
)
from ...modeling_utils import ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS, PreTrainedModel
from ...processing_utils import Unpack
from ...utils import TransformersKwargs, auto_docstring, logging, torch_int
from ...utils.generic import can_return_tuple, check_model_inputs
from .configuration_vit import ViTConfig


logger = logging.get_logger(__name__)


class ViTEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    """
    Construct the CLS token, position and patch embeddings. Optionally, also the mask token.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig, use_mask_token: bool = False):
        super().__init__()

        self.cls_token = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, 1, config.hidden_size))
        self.mask_token = nn.Parameter(torch.zeros(1, 1, config.hidden_size)) if use_mask_token else None
        self.patch_embeddings = ViTPatchEmbeddings(config)
        num_patches = self.patch_embeddings.num_patches
        self.position_embeddings = nn.Parameter(torch.randn(1, num_patches + 1, config.hidden_size))
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)
        self.patch_size = config.patch_size
        self.config = config

    def interpolate_pos_encoding(self, embeddings: torch.Tensor, height: int, width: int) -> torch.Tensor:
        """
        This method allows to interpolate the pre-trained position encodings, to be able to use the model on higher resolution
        images. This method is also adapted to support torch.jit tracing.

        Adapted from:
        - https://github.com/facebookresearch/dino/blob/de9ee3df6cf39fac952ab558447af1fa1365362a/vision_transformer.py#L174-L194, and
        - https://github.com/facebookresearch/dinov2/blob/e1277af2ba9496fbadf7aec6eba56e8d882d1e35/dinov2/models/vision_transformer.py#L179-L211
        """

        num_patches = embeddings.shape[1] - 1
        num_positions = self.position_embeddings.shape[1] - 1

        # always interpolate when tracing to ensure the exported model works for dynamic input shapes
        if not torch.jit.is_tracing() and num_patches == num_positions and height == width:
            return self.position_embeddings

        class_pos_embed = self.position_embeddings[:, :1]
        patch_pos_embed = self.position_embeddings[:, 1:]

        dim = embeddings.shape[-1]

        new_height = height // self.patch_size
        new_width = width // self.patch_size

        sqrt_num_positions = torch_int(num_positions**0.5)
        patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.reshape(1, sqrt_num_positions, sqrt_num_positions, dim)
        patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 3, 1, 2)

        patch_pos_embed = nn.functional.interpolate(
            patch_pos_embed,
            size=(new_height, new_width),
            mode="bicubic",
            align_corners=False,
        )

        patch_pos_embed = patch_pos_embed.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).view(1, -1, dim)

        return torch.cat((class_pos_embed, patch_pos_embed), dim=1)

    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor,
        bool_masked_pos: torch.BoolTensor | None = None,
        interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False,
    ) -> torch.Tensor:
        batch_size, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
        embeddings = self.patch_embeddings(pixel_values, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding)

        if bool_masked_pos is not None:
            seq_length = embeddings.shape[1]
            mask_tokens = self.mask_token.expand(batch_size, seq_length, -1)
            # replace the masked visual tokens by mask_tokens
            mask = bool_masked_pos.unsqueeze(-1).type_as(mask_tokens)
            embeddings = embeddings * (1.0 - mask) + mask_tokens * mask

        # add the [CLS] token to the embedded patch tokens
        cls_tokens = self.cls_token.expand(batch_size, -1, -1)
        embeddings = torch.cat((cls_tokens, embeddings), dim=1)

        # add positional encoding to each token
        if interpolate_pos_encoding:
            embeddings = embeddings + self.interpolate_pos_encoding(embeddings, height, width)
        else:
            embeddings = embeddings + self.position_embeddings

        embeddings = self.dropout(embeddings)

        return embeddings


class ViTPatchEmbeddings(nn.Module):
    """
    This class turns `pixel_values` of shape `(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)` into the initial
    `hidden_states` (patch embeddings) of shape `(batch_size, seq_length, hidden_size)` to be consumed by a
    Transformer.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        image_size, patch_size = config.image_size, config.patch_size
        num_channels, hidden_size = config.num_channels, config.hidden_size

        image_size = image_size if isinstance(image_size, collections.abc.Iterable) else (image_size, image_size)
        patch_size = patch_size if isinstance(patch_size, collections.abc.Iterable) else (patch_size, patch_size)
        num_patches = (image_size[1] // patch_size[1]) * (image_size[0] // patch_size[0])
        self.image_size = image_size
        self.patch_size = patch_size
        self.num_channels = num_channels
        self.num_patches = num_patches

        self.projection = nn.Conv2d(num_channels, hidden_size, kernel_size=patch_size, stride=patch_size)

    def forward(self, pixel_values: torch.Tensor, interpolate_pos_encoding: bool = False) -> torch.Tensor:
        batch_size, num_channels, height, width = pixel_values.shape
        if num_channels != self.num_channels:
            raise ValueError(
                "Make sure that the channel dimension of the pixel values match with the one set in the configuration."
                f" Expected {self.num_channels} but got {num_channels}."
            )
        if not interpolate_pos_encoding:
            if height != self.image_size[0] or width != self.image_size[1]:
                raise ValueError(
                    f"Input image size ({height}*{width}) doesn't match model"
                    f" ({self.image_size[0]}*{self.image_size[1]})."
                )
        embeddings = self.projection(pixel_values).flatten(2).transpose(1, 2)
        return embeddings


# Copied from transformers.models.bert.modeling_bert.eager_attention_forward
def eager_attention_forward(
    module: nn.Module,
    query: torch.Tensor,
    key: torch.Tensor,
    value: torch.Tensor,
    attention_mask: torch.Tensor | None,
    scaling: float | None = None,
    dropout: float = 0.0,
    **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
):
    if scaling is None:
        scaling = query.size(-1) ** -0.5

    # Take the dot product between "query" and "key" to get the raw attention scores.
    attn_weights = torch.matmul(query, key.transpose(2, 3)) * scaling

    if attention_mask is not None:
        attention_mask = attention_mask[:, :, :, : key.shape[-2]]
        attn_weights = attn_weights + attention_mask

    attn_weights = nn.functional.softmax(attn_weights, dim=-1)
    attn_weights = nn.functional.dropout(attn_weights, p=dropout, training=module.training)

    attn_output = torch.matmul(attn_weights, value)
    attn_output = attn_output.transpose(1, 2).contiguous()

    return attn_output, attn_weights


class ViTSelfAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        if config.hidden_size % config.num_attention_heads != 0 and not hasattr(config, "embedding_size"):
            raise ValueError(
                f"The hidden size {config.hidden_size} is not a multiple of the number of attention "
                f"heads {config.num_attention_heads}."
            )

        self.config = config
        self.num_attention_heads = config.num_attention_heads
        self.attention_head_size = int(config.hidden_size / config.num_attention_heads)
        self.all_head_size = self.num_attention_heads * self.attention_head_size
        self.dropout_prob = config.attention_probs_dropout_prob
        self.scaling = self.attention_head_size**-0.5
        self.is_causal = False

        self.query = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
        self.key = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)
        self.value = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, self.all_head_size, bias=config.qkv_bias)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> tuple[torch.Tensor, torch.Tensor]:
        batch_size = hidden_states.shape[0]
        new_shape = batch_size, -1, self.num_attention_heads, self.attention_head_size

        key_layer = self.key(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
        value_layer = self.value(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)
        query_layer = self.query(hidden_states).view(*new_shape).transpose(1, 2)

        attention_interface: Callable = ALL_ATTENTION_FUNCTIONS.get_interface(
            self.config._attn_implementation, eager_attention_forward
        )

        context_layer, attention_probs = attention_interface(
            self,
            query_layer,
            key_layer,
            value_layer,
            None,
            is_causal=self.is_causal,
            scaling=self.scaling,
            dropout=0.0 if not self.training else self.dropout_prob,
        )

        new_context_layer_shape = context_layer.size()[:-2] + (self.all_head_size,)
        context_layer = context_layer.reshape(new_context_layer_shape)

        return context_layer, attention_probs


class ViTSelfOutput(nn.Module):
    """
    The residual connection is defined in ViTLayer instead of here (as is the case with other models), due to the
    layernorm applied before each block.
    """

    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.hidden_size)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, input_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class ViTAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.attention = ViTSelfAttention(config)
        self.output = ViTSelfOutput(config)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        self_attn_output, _ = self.attention(hidden_states)
        output = self.output(self_attn_output, hidden_states)
        return output


class ViTIntermediate(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.intermediate_size)
        if isinstance(config.hidden_act, str):
            self.intermediate_act_fn = ACT2FN[config.hidden_act]
        else:
            self.intermediate_act_fn = config.hidden_act

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.intermediate_act_fn(hidden_states)
        return hidden_states


class ViTOutput(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.dense = nn.Linear(config.intermediate_size, config.hidden_size)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(config.hidden_dropout_prob)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor, input_tensor: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states = self.dense(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = self.dropout(hidden_states)
        hidden_states = hidden_states + input_tensor
        return hidden_states


class ViTLayer(GradientCheckpointingLayer):
    """This corresponds to the Block class in the timm implementation."""

    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.chunk_size_feed_forward = config.chunk_size_feed_forward
        self.seq_len_dim = 1
        self.attention = ViTAttention(config)
        self.intermediate = ViTIntermediate(config)
        self.output = ViTOutput(config)
        self.layernorm_before = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
        self.layernorm_after = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        hidden_states_norm = self.layernorm_before(hidden_states)
        attention_output = self.attention(hidden_states_norm)

        # first residual connection
        hidden_states = attention_output + hidden_states

        # in ViT, layernorm is also applied after self-attention
        layer_output = self.layernorm_after(hidden_states)
        layer_output = self.intermediate(layer_output)

        # second residual connection is done here
        layer_output = self.output(layer_output, hidden_states)

        return layer_output


class ViTEncoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.config = config
        self.layer = nn.ModuleList([ViTLayer(config) for _ in range(config.num_hidden_layers)])
        self.gradient_checkpointing = False

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> BaseModelOutput:
        for i, layer_module in enumerate(self.layer):
            hidden_states = layer_module(hidden_states)

        return BaseModelOutput(last_hidden_state=hidden_states)


@auto_docstring
class ViTPreTrainedModel(PreTrainedModel):
    config: ViTConfig
    base_model_prefix = "vit"
    main_input_name = "pixel_values"
    input_modalities = ("image",)
    supports_gradient_checkpointing = True
    _no_split_modules = ["ViTEmbeddings", "ViTLayer"]
    _supports_sdpa = True
    _supports_flash_attn = True
    _supports_flex_attn = True
    _supports_attention_backend = True
    _can_record_outputs = {
        "hidden_states": ViTLayer,
        "attentions": ViTSelfAttention,
    }

    @torch.no_grad()
    def _init_weights(self, module: nn.Linear | nn.Conv2d | nn.LayerNorm):
        """Initialize the weights"""
        if isinstance(module, (nn.Linear, nn.Conv2d)):
            init.trunc_normal_(module.weight, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
            if module.bias is not None:
                init.zeros_(module.bias)
        elif isinstance(module, nn.LayerNorm):
            init.zeros_(module.bias)
            init.ones_(module.weight)
        elif isinstance(module, ViTEmbeddings):
            init.trunc_normal_(module.position_embeddings, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
            init.trunc_normal_(module.cls_token, mean=0.0, std=self.config.initializer_range)
            if module.mask_token is not None:
                init.zeros_(module.mask_token)


@auto_docstring
class ViTModel(ViTPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig, add_pooling_layer: bool = True, use_mask_token: bool = False):
        r"""
        add_pooling_layer (bool, *optional*, defaults to `True`):
            Whether to add a pooling layer
        use_mask_token (`bool`, *optional*, defaults to `False`):
            Whether to use a mask token for masked image modeling.
        """
        super().__init__(config)
        self.config = config

        self.embeddings = ViTEmbeddings(config, use_mask_token=use_mask_token)
        self.encoder = ViTEncoder(config)

        self.layernorm = nn.LayerNorm(config.hidden_size, eps=config.layer_norm_eps)
        self.pooler = ViTPooler(config) if add_pooling_layer else None

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    def get_input_embeddings(self) -> ViTPatchEmbeddings:
        return self.embeddings.patch_embeddings

    @check_model_inputs(tie_last_hidden_states=False)
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        bool_masked_pos: torch.BoolTensor | None = None,
        interpolate_pos_encoding: bool | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> BaseModelOutputWithPooling:
        r"""
        bool_masked_pos (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches)`, *optional*):
            Boolean masked positions. Indicates which patches are masked (1) and which aren't (0).
        """

        if pixel_values is None:
            raise ValueError("You have to specify pixel_values")

        # TODO: maybe have a cleaner way to cast the input (from `ImageProcessor` side?)
        expected_dtype = self.embeddings.patch_embeddings.projection.weight.dtype
        if pixel_values.dtype != expected_dtype:
            pixel_values = pixel_values.to(expected_dtype)

        embedding_output = self.embeddings(
            pixel_values, bool_masked_pos=bool_masked_pos, interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding
        )

        encoder_outputs: BaseModelOutput = self.encoder(embedding_output)

        sequence_output = encoder_outputs.last_hidden_state
        sequence_output = self.layernorm(sequence_output)
        pooled_output = self.pooler(sequence_output) if self.pooler is not None else None

        return BaseModelOutputWithPooling(last_hidden_state=sequence_output, pooler_output=pooled_output)


class ViTPooler(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__()
        self.dense = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.pooler_output_size)
        self.activation = ACT2FN[config.pooler_act]

    def forward(self, hidden_states: torch.Tensor) -> torch.Tensor:
        # We "pool" the model by simply taking the hidden state corresponding
        # to the first token.
        first_token_tensor = hidden_states[:, 0]
        pooled_output = self.dense(first_token_tensor)
        pooled_output = self.activation(pooled_output)
        return pooled_output


@auto_docstring(
    custom_intro="""
    ViT Model with a decoder on top for masked image modeling, as proposed in [SimMIM](https://huggingface.co/papers/2111.09886).

    <Tip>

    Note that we provide a script to pre-train this model on custom data in our [examples
    directory](https://github.com/huggingface/transformers/tree/main/examples/pytorch/image-pretraining).

    </Tip>
    """
)
class ViTForMaskedImageModeling(ViTPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.vit = ViTModel(config, add_pooling_layer=False, use_mask_token=True)

        self.decoder = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(
                in_channels=config.hidden_size,
                out_channels=config.encoder_stride**2 * config.num_channels,
                kernel_size=1,
            ),
            nn.PixelShuffle(config.encoder_stride),
        )

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        bool_masked_pos: torch.BoolTensor | None = None,
        interpolate_pos_encoding: bool | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> MaskedImageModelingOutput:
        r"""
        bool_masked_pos (`torch.BoolTensor` of shape `(batch_size, num_patches)`):
            Boolean masked positions. Indicates which patches are masked (1) and which aren't (0).

        Examples:
        ```python
        >>> from transformers import AutoImageProcessor, ViTForMaskedImageModeling
        >>> import torch
        >>> from PIL import Image
        >>> import httpx
        >>> from io import BytesIO

        >>> url = "http://images.cocodataset.org/val2017/000000039769.jpg"
        >>> with httpx.stream("GET", url) as response:
        ...     image = Image.open(BytesIO(response.read()))

        >>> image_processor = AutoImageProcessor.from_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224-in21k")
        >>> model = ViTForMaskedImageModeling.from_pretrained("google/vit-base-patch16-224-in21k")

        >>> num_patches = (model.config.image_size // model.config.patch_size) ** 2
        >>> pixel_values = image_processor(images=image, return_tensors="pt").pixel_values
        >>> # create random boolean mask of shape (batch_size, num_patches)
        >>> bool_masked_pos = torch.randint(low=0, high=2, size=(1, num_patches)).bool()

        >>> outputs = model(pixel_values, bool_masked_pos=bool_masked_pos)
        >>> loss, reconstructed_pixel_values = outputs.loss, outputs.reconstruction
        >>> list(reconstructed_pixel_values.shape)
        [1, 3, 224, 224]
        ```"""

        if bool_masked_pos is not None and (self.config.patch_size != self.config.encoder_stride):
            raise ValueError(
                "When `bool_masked_pos` is provided, `patch_size` must be equal to `encoder_stride` to ensure that "
                "the reconstructed image has the same dimensions as the input. "
                f"Got `patch_size` = {self.config.patch_size} and `encoder_stride` = {self.config.encoder_stride}."
            )

        outputs: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = self.vit(
            pixel_values,
            bool_masked_pos=bool_masked_pos,
            interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding,
            **kwargs,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs.last_hidden_state

        # Reshape to (batch_size, num_channels, height, width)
        sequence_output = sequence_output[:, 1:]
        batch_size, sequence_length, num_channels = sequence_output.shape
        height = width = math.floor(sequence_length**0.5)
        sequence_output = sequence_output.permute(0, 2, 1).reshape(batch_size, num_channels, height, width)

        # Reconstruct pixel values
        reconstructed_pixel_values = self.decoder(sequence_output)

        masked_im_loss = None
        if bool_masked_pos is not None:
            size = self.config.image_size // self.config.patch_size
            bool_masked_pos = bool_masked_pos.reshape(-1, size, size)
            mask = (
                bool_masked_pos.repeat_interleave(self.config.patch_size, 1)
                .repeat_interleave(self.config.patch_size, 2)
                .unsqueeze(1)
                .contiguous()
            )
            reconstruction_loss = nn.functional.l1_loss(pixel_values, reconstructed_pixel_values, reduction="none")
            masked_im_loss = (reconstruction_loss * mask).sum() / (mask.sum() + 1e-5) / self.config.num_channels

        return MaskedImageModelingOutput(
            loss=masked_im_loss,
            reconstruction=reconstructed_pixel_values,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


@auto_docstring(
    custom_intro="""
    ViT Model transformer with an image classification head on top (a linear layer on top of the final hidden state of
    the [CLS] token) e.g. for ImageNet.

    <Tip>

        Note that it's possible to fine-tune ViT on higher resolution images than the ones it has been trained on, by
        setting `interpolate_pos_encoding` to `True` in the forward of the model. This will interpolate the pre-trained
        position embeddings to the higher resolution.

    </Tip>
    """
)
class ViTForImageClassification(ViTPreTrainedModel):
    def __init__(self, config: ViTConfig):
        super().__init__(config)

        self.num_labels = config.num_labels
        self.vit = ViTModel(config, add_pooling_layer=False)

        # Classifier head
        self.classifier = nn.Linear(config.hidden_size, config.num_labels) if config.num_labels > 0 else nn.Identity()

        # Initialize weights and apply final processing
        self.post_init()

    @can_return_tuple
    @auto_docstring
    def forward(
        self,
        pixel_values: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        labels: torch.Tensor | None = None,
        interpolate_pos_encoding: bool | None = None,
        **kwargs: Unpack[TransformersKwargs],
    ) -> ImageClassifierOutput:
        r"""
        labels (`torch.LongTensor` of shape `(batch_size,)`, *optional*):
            Labels for computing the image classification/regression loss. Indices should be in `[0, ...,
            config.num_labels - 1]`. If `config.num_labels == 1` a regression loss is computed (Mean-Square loss), If
            `config.num_labels > 1` a classification loss is computed (Cross-Entropy).
        """

        outputs: BaseModelOutputWithPooling = self.vit(
            pixel_values,
            interpolate_pos_encoding=interpolate_pos_encoding,
            **kwargs,
        )

        sequence_output = outputs.last_hidden_state
        pooled_output = sequence_output[:, 0, :]
        logits = self.classifier(pooled_output)

        loss = None
        if labels is not None:
            loss = self.loss_function(labels, logits, self.config, **kwargs)

        return ImageClassifierOutput(
            loss=loss,
            logits=logits,
            hidden_states=outputs.hidden_states,
            attentions=outputs.attentions,
        )


__all__ = ["ViTForImageClassification", "ViTForMaskedImageModeling", "ViTModel", "ViTPreTrainedModel"]